The Women s Rights Movement - 886 Words

Every reformation requires a leader—someone to set an example for them, to remind them what they are fighting for, to be the first person to stand up for their cause. Each leader represents every individual in their movement and they have to be willing to sacrifice everything for the cause of their movement. As entrepreneur Bo Bennet said, â€Å"Without initiative, leaders are simply workers in leadership position.† In the women’s rights movement, there was someone who defied all standards set up for women in the 1800s and took chances for the cause of suffrage and equality—Susan Brownell Anthony. Born into a Quaker family in New York, Anthony grew up under the notion of social equality and pursued independence as a young woman. This led her to pursue several imperative movements such as temperance, abolition and her most profound and recognized reformation—women’s rights. Susan B. Anthony played a critical role in changing the directio n of the women’s rights movement and its success by demonstrating her authority as a leader and breaking the standards of society for women. Even in the 1800s, most of the United States lived in a patriarchal society, where women were given little to no opportunities. However, there was a group of people who acknowledged and promoted equality within the sexes—the Quakers. This gave Susan B. Anthony a unique advantage in becoming a leader in the women’s rights movement since she grew up in a strict Quaker household. Therefore it could beShow MoreRelatedThe Women s Rights Movement702 Words   |  3 Pagesthat the women’s rights movement in the United States failed to accomplish its goals in the early –mid 19th century because the slavery issue was never resolved is unfounded. In the early-mid 19th century, women began to demand change in American society, as they challenged the traditional roles of women politically, socially, and economically. - political, social, and economic change {Challenged the traditional views of women - pushed the boundaries – public sphere/life of women changed dramaticallyRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement874 Words   |  4 Pages1848 to 1920, the women’s rights movement demonstrated the first true act of feminism, founded by a group of women rights activists to combat against women’s suffrage in the United States. By the 1960’s radical feminists also known as the woman’s liberation movement once again took up the fight for equality amongst men and woman, yet by the late 1990’s early 2000’s it had begun to change, losing its primary focus of fighting for a woman’s right, and becoming a burden on women today. The blowback fromRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmen and women, the women’s rights movement in Pakistan has just begun. People are starting to protest against discriminations that women face in their daily lives that disable them from having a voice in society. Some of these discriminations involve men being able to divorce their wives without her consent, women’s voices having half the weight of a man’s in court, and female heirs inheriting less money or property than a male heir (â€Å"Sharia†, 9). Groups like the Pakistani Women’s Rights OrganizationRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesthat occurs is that women were never given the opportunity to voice their opinion on what kind of job that they should do. In addition, voting at this point of time for women was quite impractical. The wartime was a difficult time for women who wanted to capitalize on an opportunity. They wanted a job to prove to men that they are much stronger. However, there was hope when the U.S. woman’s rights movement began. A woman by the name of Elizabeth Cady Stanton started the movement at Seneca Falls, NewRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1366 Words   |  6 PagesW omen’s Rights Movement The equality women have today did not just happen over night.In this passage there will be evidence of an impowering fight that women over came to say WE ARE IMPORTANT TO!! All the brave strong women that fought this battle, along with the obstacles women still face today.Also the surprising fact that women’s rights also consists of racism and sexual orientation.This movement was necessary, and is truly an accomplishment in history. The first outbreak of confidentRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1091 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican history, women have constantly been suppressed. It was believed overall that women were not supposed to work, but to stay home, cook, clean, make clothes, and take care of the child(ren). Basically, a woman was considered her husband’s property. It was not until 1920s that women were finally able to get the rights they deserve, such as birth control, new divorce laws, and ultimately the right to vote, which was the main focus of the Women’s Rights Movement. This movement consisted of manyRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1547 Words   |  7 PagesFlorida SouthWestern State College The Women’s Rights Movement What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention on the Women’s Rights Movement? Jennifer Flores AMH2010 Mr. Stehlin 16 November 2015 The Women’s Rights Movement began in 1848 with the first assembly of women and men gathering to discuss the civil, social, and other conditions of women. The Seneca Falls Convention was the start of the women’s movement. The two women who organized this event were Lucretia Mott andRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1420 Words   |  6 Pageswomen’s rights movement in the United States in the early –mid 19th century did not fail to accomplish its goals, as slavery was not an issue women wanted to resolve (address?) In the early-mid 19th century, some women began to demand change in American society (as they challenged the traditional roles of women politically, socially, and economically?) -political, social, and economic change {challenged the traditional views of women - pushed the boundaries – public sphere/life of women changedRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1620 Words   |  7 Pageshas improved over the last several years in the broader culture and by police, self-blame and shame has persisted among victims, leaving them just as unwilling to come forward.†(Gray. para. 10) The women’s rights movement is still going strong, and there have been major accomplishments for women within the last several decades. In 1968, the fair housing act made it no longer possible for a woman to be turned down by a landlord based solely on her being female. In 1986, the legal definition of ‘sexualRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement881 Words   |  4 PagesThe Women’s Rights Movement, 1848–1920 1. â€Å"The first gathering devoted to women’s rights in the United States was held July 19–20, 1848, in Seneca Falls, New York.† 2. Principal organizers : Elizabeth Cady Stanton (a mother of four, the Quaker, abolitionist ) 3. Social and institutional barriers that limited women’s rights: family responsibilities, a lack of educational and economic opportunities, and the absence of a voice in political debates. 4. Stanton and Anthony created the National Woman

Essay on Theme of the Unexpected in The Lottery - 1819 Words

Expect the Unexpected What thoughts come to mind when you think of The Lottery? Positive thoughts including money, a new home, excitement, and happiness are all associated with the lottery in most cases. However, this is not the case in Shirley Jackson’s short story, The Lottery. Here, the characters in the story are not gambling for money, instead they are gambling for their life. A shock that surprises the reader as she unveils this horrifying tradition in the village on this beautiful summer day. This gamble for their life is a result of tradition, a tradition that is cruel and inhumane, yet upheld in this town. Shirley Jackson provides the reader’s with a graphic description of violence, cruelty, and inhumane treatment which†¦show more content†¦(2005). The short story is a reflection of her despise of cruel and unjust treatment of human beings as she tells the story of a town’s tradition of sacrificing a human in return for a good harvest. (Reagan 1997) Jackson beg ins the story with a description of a small village that held a Lottery in the early part of summer each year. Jackson provides a peaceful description of the village, â€Å"†¦ clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green (Jackson 251). The setting she creates symbolizes a happy, pleasant day, leading the reader to believe something positive would occur on this 27th day of June. Jackson further describes children playing happily, women conversing, and men speaking of â€Å"planting and rain, tractors and taxes†(Jackson 252). They speak of farming because the traditional ritual in the story is conducted based on a belief that the ritual has an effect on the crop, â€Å"Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon† is a popular saying in town (Jackson 256). As the reader continues, the prospect of a pleasant day is further symbolized as Jackson describes the people gathering in the square between the post office and the bank before the lottery starts. She describes the gathering of the women prior to the drawing: â€Å"They greet one another and exchanged bits of gossip†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Jackson 252). This further leads the reader to believe they areShow MoreRelatedThe Unexpected Surprise of Violence1009 Words   |  5 Pageswe allow the unexpected to happen† (Coelho). Life becomes valued once risks are taken, but the outcome is never expected. Shirley Jackson, reader of witchcraft books, horrifies people with her perspective on the understanding of merciless rituals that kept communities at ease. Shirley Jackson develops her theme of unexpected violence in her short story â€Å"The Lottery† through the use of irony, symbolism, and denouement. On a summer day in a small town in the short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, Jackson takesRead MoreAmerican Gothic Compare and Contrast Essay 930 Words   |  4 Pageshappened and it doesn’t sugar coat anything. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Emily becomes a sad and depressed person who will do something completely unexpected. In â€Å"The Lottery† the townspeople have a twisted tradition that takes place once a year. These two stories have a lot of comparison and contrast dealing with theme, foreshadowing and imagery. Both â€Å" The Lottery† and â€Å" A Rose for Emily† are American Gothic, they focus more on the dark side of life. For example â€Å" Then we noticed that in the second pillowRead MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery954 Words   |  4 Pagesthat enhance the overall transmission of the authors message. Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† displays a masterful usage of literary elements to better convey Jackson’s general purpose, such as through the deep symbolism and underlying theme; however, Jackson’s true provocation of emotion is accomplished through her quintessential use of point of view. The objective point of view is indispensable within â€Å"The Lottery† because of the creation of suspense, drama, and irony. To begin with, the first reasonRead MoreAnalysis Of The Rocking Horse Winner And The Lottery772 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis exploring the irony in â€Å"The â€Å"Rocking-Horse Winner† and â€Å"The â€Å"Lottery† Often times an author will use irony as a literally technique to throw a twist in his story, whereby allowing the outcome of it to be completely different from what the reader expected. In D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† and Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery,† Mrs. Hutchinson and Paul, despite their motivation, are victims of misguided reasoning, resulting in the irony of each character’s demise. In fact, eachRead MoreThe Lottery : Dissecting Sociological Horrors Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pages The Lottery: Dissecting Sociological Horrors When you hear the word â€Å"lottery†, what do you think? In Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery, readers are presented with an ironic, dramatic, bleak tale about a small village gathering for not exactly what one would call a lottery. Born in San Francisco, California in 1916, Jackson spent much of her early life writing poetry and journal entries. After enrolling in the University of Rochester, she eventually withdrew to pursue her dreams of becoming a writerRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people play the lottery today, they think about having wealth. Generally, people who win are happy about it whether they win one dollar or a million. The lottery in our society has grown to support education and it is often worth several million dollars. Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lotte ry in which the â€Å"winner† was the member of the town who was not sacrificedRead MoreThe Use of Selective Exposition in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson1315 Words   |  6 PagesA typical story is littered with details, explaining the history of the world the story takes place in, who the characters in the story are, all the while remaining correlated to the plot and subplots that drive the story forward. The story The Lottery by Shirley Jackson however does not follow these conditions, as the reader is left to interpret a majority of the story on their own as it progresses. Jackson is not the only writer to incorporate a style of selective exposition in their work; RaymondRead MoreThe Lottery Shirley Jackson Analysis792 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson deals with many themes in very few pages, but the most intriguing are the death and violence, which seem completely unexpected. This short story can be seen as a perfect example of Rene Gir ard’s theories about sacrifice, desire, and ‘scapegoat’ mechanism, which is what this essay will endeavor to illustrate. One aspect of Girard’s sacrifice theory is that it â€Å"contains an element of mystery† and the participants â€Å"do not and must not comprehend the true role of theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Unknown Citizen And The Short Story The Lottery 1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Unexpected Truth The Poem Unknown Citizen and the short story The Lottery give examples how people can rebel and conform in different ways. The way these stories were written evokes a lot of emotions, from anger to confusion. In life there are two people in the world, ones who conform to every whim and those who will rebel to create a difference in their society or others. The Unknown Citizen, by W. H. Auden, is about a man who obeys the law and does what needs to done by a normal citizen.Read MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jackson s The Lottery 880 Words   |  4 PagesShirley Jackson uses irony as a theme to create this almost perfect story where there is an unexpected twist. Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery† is sickening, horrific and intense. This shocking story is about a small town that has all the members’ participate in an annual lottery. Unlike all normal lotteries the winner receives death by stoning rather than a cash prize, as the story advance Tessie places her children in danger to have a better chance at survival. This lottery seems to have no limit of

All or Nothing Free Essays

My doorbell was the last thing that I wanted to hear on the morning of 20th September. It was the first day that I’d had off work for months so I was hoping to stay in bed for as long as I could. The doorbell rang once more and at that point I realised that my long morning in bed was never going to happen. We will write a custom essay sample on All or Nothing or any similar topic only for you Order Now I jumped out of bed, the same as I did every other morning, and went to the front door to answer it. There was a postman stood at the door with a small parcel that was rectangle shaped. â€Å"Good morning†, I said to the postman. He handed me the parcel and also a clip board with a piece of paper clipped to the front for me to sign, I signed the paper and went back inside. I took the parcel into my living room which was still a mess from the night before; the coffee table in the centre of the room had an empty Vodka bottle, crisp packets, and also an empty twenty pack of cigarettes. My sofas outlined the coffee table with one either side, I sat on the one that was closest to me and opened the parcel, there was a small letter inside that said: To Victoria, A present from your dearest friend, hope you like it. Love you and miss you. Love Tom x x x. At that moment, a smile appeared on my face, I missed Tom a lot when he was away, especially when they’d been for this long, he had been away for nearly two months now, and normally I’d see him twice a week or more so it was weird for me not to have him near. He was on a business trip in London and I was still miles away from him in Bristol. I had known Tom since we’d started the same secondary school at the age of eleven, since then we’ve gone through college and university together too. At school we’d been close and we’d always wanted to do the same kinds of things, I was quite boyish and we used to play football after school had finished and on weekends. Our relationship just got stronger as we got older and it just never seemed to leave, even when Tom moved away for a short while with an ex-girlfriend who wanted everything her way. I took the velvet container and letter and put them onto the table in front of me, I opened the container to reveal a matching necklace and earring set, they were 18 carat gold and had one small diamond in each, the necklace was a heart at the end of a chain and the earrings were also hearts and also contained a diamond each. I grabbed my mobile phone from the kitchen side and pressed 1 on the speed dial, I placed the phone to my ear and it began to ring. â€Å"Hi!† said the voice at the other end. â€Å"Tom, its Vic†, I said, â€Å"just to say thanks for the jewellery set, it only came this morning†. â€Å"Oh†, he murmured, â€Å"you’re worth it, oh and Vic’s what time is it?† â€Å"About 1o’clock in the afternoon, why?† I replied. â€Å"I’m late, see ya!† was the answer I got, and then he put the phone down, I knew he was already very late. I put the phone back onto the kitchen side and began to walk towards my bathroom, and seeing as I had all day to do whatever I wanted to, I was intending to have a long relaxing bath. I went into the bathroom, and started to run a bath full of water, I put bubble bath in it, I lit the candles around the edge and my nightdress over my head and threw it into the washing pile. I spent over an hour in the bath, until the water started to go cold and I had to get out because my skin was all wrinkled. I dried myself and went through to my bedroom. Once in there, I grabbed a pair of silk French knickers out of my drawer and a long, light pink satin dress. It was meant to be really hot today according to the weather reports on telly, so I thought that I would dress appropriately as normally I would be in a suit jacket and black trousers. I threw the bed sheet over the bed, and fluffed up the pillows a little, pulled open my curtains and opened the window, ready for the day to begin. I blow-dried and straightened my hair before putting on my make-up and getting dressed. I then fed the cat and opened the rest of the curtains in the apartment. I picked up my keys and my phone from on the kitchen side and went out the front door. I went down the stairs and out to where my car was parked, it was my pride and joy, a black Lotus Elise which had taken me years to save for. I drove it out of the car park and along the street towards the shopping centre. As I approached the car park, I got my card out of my purse; I paid on the card for all of my parking tickets because I spent so much time in car parks, and keeping cash like that on me all of the time wouldn’t be easy. I showed the man at the kiosk my card; he took one quick glance and then returned it to me so that I could get through. I put the pass back into my purse and headed into the main bit of the car park where I found a space next to the stairs that led down to the shops. I got out of the car and locked it; I then flung my bag over my shoulder and started to walk down the stairs. The first shop at the bottom of the stairs was Monsoon, I could see in the window, the shoes that I had bought the last time I had a day off. I went into the shop, I wasn’t sure what I wanted but I knew I had to buy something special to wear to Tom’s welcome home party that was being held that weekend. The dress that I bought eventually, was rose red and touched the floor, it was pure silk and cost me over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200, the slit that went up the back was huge and went all the way up to my thighs, luckily enough I had good legs so I knew I could carry it off easily. I needed a new pair of shoes to go with the dress so I carried on walking on the path through the middle of the centre until I came to River Island, I went in and bought the first pair of black, stiletto heeled shoes that I could find. I already had a purse at home that would match perfectly with my outfit and I was planning to wear the necklace and earrings that Tom had bought me. The party was being held at Tom’s mum’s house, as Tom’s was too small to accommodate so many people. Jane was too wealthy for her own good, she had married an older man when she’d only just left Tom’s dad, the man died five years ago and left everything he owned to Jane. He was lying on millions the day he died and before Jane realised it, she was too. He left his business, his home and everything in it to her, the house alone was worth over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 million. The house was on 12 acres of land and had 10 bedrooms which would be well over enough space for the party. I had known Jane for as long as I had known Tom so she was like a second mother to me, being at her house was nothing new so I wasn’t nervous about that, just about seeing Tom again after so long. I had spoken to him over the phone and had written letters but this was different and I was looking forward to it so much. I had to be well prepared for this so I had written myself a list of what I needed to do beforehand. Among the other things on that list was buy new dress and shoes so I ticked them off. The last thing I did before I left the shopping centre was grab a cup of coffee from O’Brien’s, they made the best coffee that money could buy so I always bought one when I was on the move. I got into my car still with the polystyrene cup that was so hot that it was difficult to carry, and put my bag down on the passenger seat. I downed the last bit of coffee and threw the cup into the bin next to the car; I then put my new dress and shoes onto the back seat and drove out of the car park. By the time I had got back to my apartment, I was knackered; I parked my car in the same place that it had been in before I had gone out this morning. I then walked into the main entrance hall and up the stairs to the door of my apartment; I opened the door and pressed the button on my phone to check for messages. â€Å"No messages†, it said slowly, beeped three times as usual, then back to normal. I picked up the receiver and dialled Jane’s home number, I always tried this first as it cost me less. It rang twice and then her answer machine kicked in. â€Å"The Williams residence, sorry but we can’t come to the phone right now, please try our mobiles or leave a message after the tone†, the tone sounded so I began. â€Å"Jane, it’s Victoria, just to say I’ll be at the party, will be there as usual early to help set up, see you then if not before†, and I put down the phone. I went into the kitchen to see it gleaming, the living room had also now been cleaned and there was no rubbish on the table anymore, the cleaner had been in. I put the kettle on, picked up my post from the kitchen side, and sat down on a breakfast bar stool to open it. The remainder of the day passed as some what of a blur, I couldn’t have done anything particularly exciting because I would have remembered. I only finally looked up at the clock on my living room wall at 10 p.m. and I knew that I had work in the morning so I went to bed. The two days after were the same, work which never changed from day to day, and doing the same thing every day made me more bored than anything else. I did longer hours than I should every day because I knew I had nothing to do when I got home and this made the two days go quicker. The weekend came and I knew that Tom was supposed to be coming home. I had the whole weekend off, I wasn’t intending to get drunk but just to be sure I had booked the two days which meant I didn’t have to go to work with a hangover. I had all day to make myself look stunning for the night ahead; it was only ten thirty in the morning so I got out of bed and put the television on in the living room. I had to be at Jane’s at five o’clock to help her with any last minute things, she was having caterers in to cook all of the food and to set most of it up but she knew that I would be sure of what Tom liked. That morning I went out and had my hair cut and my nails done, I got home and showered to get rid of the access hair that was in all of my clothes. It was now gone 1 o’clock in the afternoon so I pulled a microwave meal out of the freezer and put it in for five minutes. I didn’t have the time to do something proper, today was going to be quite busy for me, I still had to get ready although I was clean. After I had finished the meal, I put the dish in the dishwasher and tidied the kitchen again so it looked presentable; I only just had enough time now. I got dressed up to my waist; I didn’t want to get make-up on the top of my dress so I put that part on last. I blow dried my hair and straightened it, did my make-up, put on all of my jewellery, including the necklace and earring set that Tom had sent me and then put the rest of my dress on properly. I put my shoes on and left and left at a quarter past four. When I got to Jane’s, the place was deserted, there was nobody to be seen anywhere. It was quite early, and Tom wasn’t due until around six. Jane came to the front door to greet me, so I parked the car and got out. I followed her through the entrance hall and into the living room which looked amazing as usual, but today the walls were covered in welcome home banners. I then joined her in the dining area situated next to the living room; the table was laid with the most beautifully presented food which I knew she hadn’t cooked. A man, who turned out to be the bar manager for the night, was putting the finishing touches to the bar at the other end of the room, more bar staff would come later to help him with catering, waiters and waitresses to carry around the drinks on trays. I couldn’t wait to see Tom; he was always away when I came around to see Jane, he only ever came home for a while and then he was off again to some business meeting or other. Jane noticed the earrings and the necklace and I told her that Tom had sent them to me. She complained because she said that he never sent her presents and said that he spoilt me, which was mostly true; he did always send me presents from wherever he was staying, even if it was only a t-shirt or a key ring with the name of the hotel on it. The last guest arrived at five thirty; Jane and I greeted them at the door and took their coats. Finally at ten past six a taxi pulled up at the door and out leaped Tom, as happy as ever with that same smile on his face as I had first seen so long ago. I was so glad to see him, even if at that moment it was only through the window. The door knocked and I stood behind Jane as she opened it. Tom threw his arms around his mother like a child, a finger just tapping me as his hand passed. Tom screamed my name as soon as he noticed that I was there, he then pulled me into his chest so that I could put my arms around him for the first time in ages. â€Å"Welcome home†, I squeaked, I couldn’t breathe very well because he was holding me so tightly. He spent the next half an hour greeting people and thanking them for coming, and then he came back over to see me. We talked for a while about his trip and about how we both were; he looked great, although a little tired from the journey. He noticed that I had the earrings and necklace on that he had bought me and I thanked him again, he told me that I looked beautiful and I could feel myself getting embarrassed and going red. He just smiled. Out of the corner of my eye I caught a glimpse of Jane coming from the dining room, she winked and smiled when she saw us together, she had always thought that Tom and I should have been a couple but we had let her down after we had split up years ago. â€Å"Wanna dance?† He asked me. We stepped into the centre of the living room where Jane had made a space for everyone to dance in. He span me around, and I laughed, we danced for a while to a song which I recognised from my childhood. He kissed me as the song ended and I knew that Jane was watching us. In that moment I felt something which I hadn’t felt with Tom since we were together, and then I heard a voice. I knew even before I looked that it was Jane, stood there hands on hips and giggling. â€Å"What?† Asked Tom, â€Å"it was just a friendly kiss†. I agreed with him and Jane walked away. It was now quite late, and most of the guest had left, the few that hadn’t were getting coats and saying goodbye to each other. â€Å"Fancy coming back to mine for a bit?† he asked, â€Å"for coffee or something?† I answered almost immediately, â€Å"yeh, sure†. We phoned a taxi from Jane’s house and got to Tom’s just after midnight. He paid for the taxi and we got out. Once inside I sat on the sofa in my usual place next to the window, he got up to make coffee and I suggested wine instead. He put the two glasses down on the table and opened the bottle of wine, he poured wine into both the glasses and handed me one. We toasted â€Å"to love and all of life’s other pleasures†. We talked some more about his trip and after the third glass of wine he moved closer to me, I wasn’t really sure what to do. He touched my face and pulled me closer to him, we kissed, and not just a little one this time but one that lasted minutes, passion and lust filled me and I kissed back. He was caressing my hips and all up my back, he stopped the kiss just for a second and in that time I was trying to remember who I was with and what was happening. It was Tom, just Tom but for some reason it felt so right. I pulled his face back to mine so that I could kiss him again. He grabbed my hand and led me to what I knew was his bedroom. We fell to the bed still kissing passionately; he removed his jacket and his tie, and then started to undo his shirt buttons. I wanted him so badly and was so excited that I couldn’t stop myself from pulling my dress over my head, shocking myself that I could be so forward. I threw it onto the floor beside the bed where the clothes he was wearing only moments before now laid. We were both now in only our underwear, I felt so calm with Tom, and I wasn’t scared at all. Still kissing me, he undid the back of my bra so quickly that I didn’t even notice, I had forgotten what Tom’s touch felt like but now longed for him. He had taken off his boxer shorts and was now taking off my thongs, kissing and gently nibbling my breasts as he did. He started to stroke my thigh and I moved his hand up higher so that his fingers were on my clitoris, I was scratching his back and pulling him closer, begging for him to touch me more. I screamed with excitement as he slid inside me. When I woke that morning, I felt different, and then I remembered what had happened the night before. I got out of the bed still totally naked, and grabbed my clothes from the floor on the way out the door, Tom was still asleep and I didn’t think that I could wake him; I just wanted to get out. When I got home I went straight into my bedroom where I cried for hours, I didn’t regret the night before but I didn’t want to ruin what we already had either. The phone rang beside the bed and I picked up to hear a voice which I knew was Tom’s. I was crying as I answered, and Tom could tell this. He asked me what was wrong and I explained. â€Å"I want it all or nothing at all. There’s nowhere left to fall when you reach the bottom, it’s now or never. Is it all or are we just friends, is this how it ends, with a simple telephone call, you leave me here with nothing at all?† I sobbed. â€Å"That’s what I phoned to say to you Victoria, I want you to have it all, I want us to be together properly, I’m sick of pretending that I don’t love you because I do!† he answered. I told him that I loved him too, I was overpowered by shock. The next few weeks passed quickly, Jane loved the idea of us being back together again, so did all of our friends. We’re planning to wed in the summer and then we want to start a family of our own. Who would have guessed that you can look love in the face for so long and not even realise that it’s there. This book is a lesson for all of you, you only live once, live it to the full, don’t let anything come between you and your dreams†¦ How to cite All or Nothing, Papers

International Marketing Small Business Economics

Question: Discuss about the International Marketing: Small Business Economics. Answer: Introduction With a fast augment in the flow of travelers in Oman, fuelling expansion in the international luxury hotels in Oman there is an important opportunity for mid-range hotels to provide for a gap in the market. It has been reported that the four and five star hotel rooms are expected to experience a substantial supply which will in turn cater to the growing tourism market in Oman. Oman has ripened for more international budget hotels. A total of fifty economy hotels are available in Oman which do not include guesthouses and serviced apartments. Out of this, 25 hotels are operated in Muscat. The Radisson Blu Hotel is set in the heart of the city. It is an upscale Arabian-style hotel and t is 7 km away from the Qaboos Grand Mosque. Similarly, it is 8 km away from the concerts at the Royal Opera House Muscat. Figure 1: The swimming pool of Radisson Blu Hotel (Source: Hotels et al., 2016) The Radisson Blu Hotel comprises of a beachfront pool and pavilion. The rooms and suites comprises of balconies. The hotel consists of vivacious rooms with colorful accents. It also comprises of fitness center like gym, kids club, two tennis courts and a sub-aqua diving center. The service provided also includes a shuttle service up to the International Airport. It comprises of a wall-to-wall carpet that offers free WIFI. The rooms in the hotel also has flat screen TV along with minibars. The room of the hotel is upgraded and the set comprises of tea makers and coffee makers and also has an access to the lounge areas. It also comprises of a free-form pool with waterslide as well as a pool for the children. The hotel also provides a service of sub-aqua diving. Figure 2: The Radisson Blu Hotel (Source: Hotels et al., 2016) The service also includes a complimentary breakfast pound that is served in a multi-cuisine restaurant. It comprises of a terrace seating as well as poolside banquets. Starting from an Asian dish to a European cuisine, everything is available in the restaurant. It also offers a Thai food that has a Chinese twist that in turn creates a blend of Asian cuisine. It also provides an eid package that incorporates added add-ons that includes admiring breakfast as well as free access to gym, fitness club and pool as well as free Wi-Fi internet. The guests can avail 15 percent discount on food and beverages (Chen 2013). Figure 3: The dining space of the Radisson Blu Hotel (Source: Blu and Radisson Blu Hotel, 2016) The meeting room is for business conferences, grand celebration or cherished gathering. The hotel offers a six meeting room that is equipped with free high-speed, wireless Internet access and the modern technology of audiovisual. Most of the meeting rooms have natural hours of daylight and most of the rooms make use of the Experience Meetings options. The ballroom is reserved for a truly spectacular event. The size of the ballroom is 500 m2. The ballroom can be divided into three smaller spaces depending on the requirements (Chen et al. 2013). The gorgeous hotel is situated in the middle of the pulsating urban area in the capital city just 12 minutes from Muscat International Airport. It is bounded by mountains and the Gulf of Oman, it imprison the attraction of both a lively metropolis and Mother Nature. The visitors take pleasure in easy admission to the commerce region and great shopping, then turn around and timetable a scuba-diving or dolphin-watching session in the same day. Mode of Entry The mode of entry varies in terms of assurance, control of organization, risk involved and the expected returns. In the global market, the mode of entry is that channel that the association hires in order to gain entry to a new global market. This in turn diminishes a number of major alternatives. However, it recognizes the alterative as differentiable. The two types of mode of entry include both equity and non-equity. The equity modes include joint ventures. The contractual agreement include licensing, franchising. Joint venture - It is a trade agreement in which the parties have the same opinion to expand, for a restricted time, a new unit and new possessions by contributing justice or equity. The controls over the enterprises are exercised by the joint venture. This in turn accordingly distributes revenues, operating cost and assets. Joint Ventureshas a tendency to be equity-based that is a new industry is set up with the individuals owning a quantity of the new commerce. The consequences are the two folded monetary authority, double the promotion aptitude, twice the sales in few cases and entrance into a market that otherwise might not be untie. Units that belong to the global combined venture distribute the costs and load of operation while gaining evenly from a share of a market (Parker and Van Praag 2012). As far as the implication of joint venture on the Radisson Blu Hotel is concerned, the joint venture will be of two types that is the joint venture of the hotel owner and the joint venture of the hotel manager. Under the joint venture of the hotel owner the parties need to create a joint venture to act as the hotel owner. In this case, characteristically one party has capability in hotel management, and the other possess the real estate. One party will make a payment in the real estate or equity and the other will make a payment in the management proficiency and perhaps a negligible quantity of equity. In the Radisson Blu Hotel, under the joint venture of hotel manager, the manager of the hotel is hired by the owner as he has proficiency in managing. Franchising the agreement of franchising have a propensity to be longer and the franchisor proffers a wider package of rights and possessions which usually includes apparatus, preliminary trainings, site authorization, and labor-intensive operation. All of the above supports are necessary for a franchisee to operate its trade in the similar way as done by the franchisor. Franchising is an underexplored mode of entry in the global markets. It is restricted in its ability to acclimatize, which is a major deliberation in employing the mode of entry. One of the major drawbacks of franchising is that is it difficult to adapt the permitted asset or brand name (Brouthers 2013). Licensing a global licensing agreement allow foreign firms both entirely and non-exclusively produce a product of an owner for a permanent term in a precise market. The licensor gives authorization to the licensee to use their capital like expertise trade mark, decision-making skills, in return for a royalty fee. However, there are disadvantages that are associated with licensing. The disadvantages include the cost that is involved during re-negotiation. The process of re-negotiation is very expensive. As soon as the agreement expires the former licensee is viewed as an opponent. The market will not get fully exploited by the licensee and this in turn leaves space for the entry of the opponents. The fees of the licensee are often too small. Similarly, the government also imposes conditions on the payments and supply (Basti et al. 2013). As far as the Radisson Blu Hotel is concerned, licensing can improve the net cash flow in short term but lower profit in the long term. It will also help to the time involved in technical expansion and also the cost for the licensors. However, it may also lead to the poor performance of the licensees. Trademark trademarks are usually used by licensing in exchange for a proportion of revenue or a fee. A licensor in the domestic country makes restricted rights or resources as compared to that obtainable to the license in the host country. This right in turn includes the trademark. The Radisson Blu Hotel will also similarly use the trademark which will used by its licensors in exchange for a portion of revenue and fees. Reasons behind Internalization In Oman, the standards of living are improving each passing day. The internationalization expansion of a hotel in the country can achieves this. Hotel ventures with abroad travelers mature acknowledge are powerfully expectant to select equivalent countries or districts as the first step in the direction of hotel internationalization in the country on the basis of local crowd abroad tourism and put into practice international operation. Internationalization is required by the hotel industry in order to position itself in the market. Collectivization expansion is the predictable obligation of hotel industry in Oman internationalization development, and at this point, Radisson Blu Hotel group in Oman is very successful (Forsgren 2015). In order to pace up the procedure of the internationalization of the international hotel in Oman, one of the most effectual means is rational planning and operation of capital. The government also requires functioning truthfully in order to speed up internationalization. The internationalization of the domestic country hotel ought to constantly base on the real situation of their own expansion and draw lessons from the triumphant understanding of international hotels. A small amount of resources are used to promote the internationalization of the country (Midlarsky 2014). Figure 5: The reasons behind Internationalization (Source: Emagined.apps01.yorku.ca, 2016) In order to operate the internationalization in the hotel, it is very important to provide employees support and academic support. The hotel can also utilize some triumphant understandings of foreign talents for hotel management so as to progress the level of hotel internationalization. It is only through expanded development that can help in enhancing the level of internationalization (Madhok and Keyhani 2012). There major reasons which are required in order to become internationalization are as follows: Probability for growth this is the most general reason in order to become internalize. It also helps in expansion. The secure course is always to start nationally and also to grow from the foundation established. Small domestic market in order to globalize, it is very important to look for global expansion. More customers the more the market for international hotels, the more will be the customers. Discouragement of the domestic competitors it is very important to discourage the competitors in order to attain internationalization. Short-term security- internationalization will lead to short-term security. The industry is less vulnerable to episodic fluctuations and recession in the economy. During the period of financial recession, export is the main solution for the company to be internationalized. Increase novelty- in order to get internationalize it is very important finance the expansion of new product. Spirited strike a spirited or a competitive strike can prompt positive characteristics of the state which is identified in the market. The entry of a market can not only be prompted by the positive features. It is mainly driven by the belief that the competent would benefit a vital gain. In this scenario, offense is regarded as defense. This means that the company enters the domestic market of a capable more often than not in reprisal for an earlier entry into its own household market. Rise in innovation and organization if the base of the customer can be increased globally, it can finance new product expansion. A hotel can benefit by participating in a tough and spirited market that its own manufactured goods design and promotion would develop and allow it to execute better around the world. In order to progress as a qualified hotel, it is significant to qualify as the global brand. Economies of scale an excellent way to develop the trade is via exporting with the goods that are broadly accepted around the world. In most of the international hotels, internationalization can help to attain greater scales off financial system, especially for industries from smaller domestic hotels. A company can hunt for a unique and differentiating advantage which includes trade name as well as service model. Social and Cultural Factors The social and the cultural factors have an immense influence on the international marketing. The perception of the travelers gets influenced by the differences in the social conditions, religion and material culture. Tourism is the main criteria when it comes to international hotels. It is growing rapidly on a worldwide basis and is partially fueled by the continuous globalization. However, as far as consumer satisfaction is concerned, culture has been highly ignored (Stahl and Tung 2014). In order to remain competitive in a globalized hotel industry it is very important to enlarge a service that has the potential to satisfy a differential consumer base. Culture is one of the most effectual yet complex elements that hotel workers need to appreciate in order to supply great services in harmony with the needs of the customer. Figure 6: The social and Cultural Factors (Source: Emagined.apps01.yorku.ca, 2016) The social factors will make the future look excellent for Radisson Blu as there will an increase in the number of individuals who have planned to travel globally. Even the planning made by the travelers regarding the expenditure they had made at home will gradually increase. The cultural and the social factors are vital to be taken into consideration while generating and implementing a marketing plan of a hotel. Essentially, sociocultural factors are civilization, lifestyles and principles that differentiate a society. The cultural aspects generally include aesthetics, education, verbal communication, religion, and expertise and material traditions. As part of the cultural factors, the most important part is social organization. It is te vital method by which a society systematizes itself (Seraj 2012). The role of an individual in a society and the social factors affects the buying and the spending decision. In a society every individual plays a dual role depending on the group. The social status is a pertinent factor in this case. Conclusion Oman has ripened for more international budget hotels. A total of fifty economy hotels are available in Oman which do not include guesthouses and serviced apartments. In spite of having the drop in total interchange passing through the Airport in 2001 and 2002, a turn down which was attributable mostly to the events of the year 2001 and political nervousness in the region, the amount of traveler nighttimes grew by 7.7 percent in the year 2001 and a more conventional 1.0% in the year 2002. Stronger expansion in room nights, of roughly 12 percent was recorded in 2003 and 23 percent was witnessed in the year 2004. The first quarter of 2005 has witnessed noteworthy expansion, of roughly 20 percent on the analogous period in the year 2004. Tourism is the main criteria when it comes to international hotels. It is growing rapidly on a worldwide basis and is partially fueled by the continuous globalization. In order to pace up the procedure of the internationalization of the international hotel in Oman, one of the most effectual means is rational planning and operation of capital. The internationalization of the domestic country hotel ought to constantly base on the real situation of their own expansion and draw lessons from the triumphant understanding of international hotels. The government also requires functioning truthfully in order to speed up internationalization. Internationalization is required by the hotel industry in order to position itself in the market. The Radisson Blu consists of lively rooms with multicolored accents. It also includes of fitness center like gymnasium, kids club, two tennis courts and a sub-aqua diving center. The service provided also includes a transport service up to the International Airport. The cultural and the social factors are vital to be taken into consideration while generating and implementing a marketing plan of a hotel. Essentially, sociocultural factors are civilization, lifestyles and principles that differentiate a society. References Basti, F., Cieply, S. and Cussy, P., 2013. The entrepreneurs mode of entry: the effect of social and financial capital.Small Business Economics,40(4), pp.865-877. Midlarsky, M.I., 2014.The Internationalization of Communal Strife (Routledge Revivals). Routledge Forsgren, M., 2015.Managing the Internationalization Process (Routledge Revivals): The Swedish Case. Routledge. Journal Chen, K.H., Liu, H.H. and Chang, F.H., 2013. Essential customer service factors and the segmentation of older visitors within wellness tourism based on hot springs hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, pp.122-132. Brouthers, K.D., 2013. Institutional, cultural and transaction cost influences on entry mode choice and performance.Journal of International Business Studies,44(1), pp.1-13. Chen, W.J., 2013. Factors influencing internal service quality at international tourist hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, pp.152-160. Madhok, A. and Keyhani, M., 2012. Acquisitions as entrepreneurship: Asymmetries, opportunities, and the internationalization of multinationals from emerging economies.Global Strategy Journal,2(1), pp.26-40. Seraj, M., 2012. We create, we connect, we respect, therefore we are: intellectual, social, and cultural value in online communities.Journal of Interactive Marketing,26(4), pp.209-222. Stahl, G.K. and Tung, R.L., 2014. Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: The need for positive cross-cultural scholarship.Journal of International Business Studies,46(4), pp.391-414. Parker, S.C. and Van Praag, C.M., 2012. The entrepreneur's mode of entry: Business takeover or new venture start?.Journal of Business Venturing,27(1), pp.31-46. bateni, p. (2016). MBA: Mode of Entry. [online] Mbabusinessmarketing.blogspot.in. Available at: https://mbabusinessmarketing.blogspot.in/2012/06/mode-of-entry.html [Accessed 21 May 2016]. BLU, R. (2016). Reservations for Radisson BLU Hotel | DialAFlight. [online] Dialaflight.com. Available at: https://www.dialaflight.com/hotels/middleeast/oman/muscat/radisson-blu/2120719/ [Accessed 21 May 2016]. Emagined.apps01.yorku.ca. (2016). Internationalization Policy and Strategy - Canadian e-Magazine of International Education. [online] Available at: https://emagined.apps01.yorku.ca/internationalization-policy-and-strategy/internationalization-at-canadian-universities/ [Accessed 21 May 2016].

I Was Only Fourteen free essay sample

The warm air of spring blows through my hair, reminding me that summer is drawing nearer. I feel the branch beneath my feet begin to sway in the breeze. I toss my pen and paper to the ground below and lay back against the sturdy trunk. I am suspended, hanging high above the ground, held up only by a natural wooden support. Here, the world is mine to take control. I have no cares, no stress, and no worries. In my tree, I am free to think and feel without fear of ever being judged. Here, I think about life, loss, and love. Mostly, though, I think about the loss of my mom. I was only fourteen years old, a freshman in high school, when my mom passed away. There was no warning, no time to â€Å"prepare,† and shock was my only emotion. I have plenty of family and friends, but at this moment, I felt completely alone. We will write a custom essay sample on I Was Only Fourteen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I went through all of the so-called stages of grief, in no particular order and some more than others. I met with a personal counselor for two sessions, spent many days in the school counselor’s office, and held many late-night crying sessions via phone with my close friends. Though there was no one who completely understood, I did have people who were willing to listen. Various people informed me that I should find my own way to cope with this sudden loss. So I did just that. I read books about death, dying, and grief; this was known as â€Å"biblio-therapy.† I talked to friends, teacher, and anyone else who was willing to listen. I even spoke to my Sociology class and managed to inspire a few classmates to share their own experiences. Though being with other people helped greatly, my best method of â€Å"dealing† was simply being alone. I needed a sanctuary, and I found it right in my own front yard. My tree, which until recently I had been unable to climb, turned into a haven. Within its branches, I became shielded from not only the weather, but also the troubles of life. I was not simply hiding from life, but letting my problems sift through the leaves like beams of sunlight. I dealt with them one at a time, at my own pace, and with no fear of ridicule. Over the next three years, I started to become far more comfortable with my â€Å"unique† situation. I talked less and started listening more. I became a counselor for my friends, helping them with their problems and offering a shoulder to cry on. As much as I helped them, they helped me even more. They helped me realize that I could turn my negative experience into something positive. It was during this time that I decided to become a social worker or counselor, so that I could help others as they had helped me. As I watch the sunset through the branches, the sky looks even more brilliant from here, more vivid somehow. As the air becomes chilled by the darkening sky, I know it is time to leave for the night. I climb down slowly, savoring the feel of the rough bark against my palms. I make my way inside and settle into my bed, staring out the window. There, I see my tree, standing tall, proud, and ready for anything. I guess you could say the same about me.

Rugby Assignment Essays - Exercise Physiology, Biology, Medicine

Rugby Assignment Essays - Exercise Physiology, Biology, Medicine Rugby Assignment Question 1: What were the short term physiological changes happening to your body and how did this effect the way you run? 5 short term responses that occur after exercise: -Heart rate increase -Breathing rate increase -Skin colour change -Occurring of perspiration/sweat -Muscle soreness An increase of heart rate occurs because there are higher demands required achieve do the set activity. When physical activity is attempted the requirements of oxygen to the muscles are increased in order to shut down glycogen. Once glycogen is broken down ATP is produced, ATP releases energy that allows you to move. Since more oxygen is required for the muscles, more blood must be pumped through the body which results in an increase of waste. A higher heart rate effects performance in a negative way. Breathing rate is another big short term effect because it can either minimize or maximize your performance the higher the breathing rate the worse the performance. During exercise the muscle cells use up more oxygen and produce increased amounts of carbon dioxide. Your lungs and heart have to work harder to supply the extra oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide. Your breathing rate increases and you breathe more deeply. Considering the anaerobic system is being used the body still needs to make up for the loss of oxygen in order to break down lactic acid and replenish energy supplies. Skin colour is one of the most noticeable effects during exercise. Humans maintain a constant internal body temperature (homoethermic). To control the bodies temperature during or after exercise, the flow of blood is directed away from the core, to the skin where excess heat can escape. There are a lot of small capillaries in the face close to the skin, this is why your face turns more red than other areas. This is called vasodilation. Change in skin colour doesn't really affect performance. Perspiration plays a big role in cooling you down after exercise, As body temperature increases, sweat production increases. When your blood temperature becomes too high, vasodilation causes the flow of sweat which releases excess heat out into the environment and also onto your skin which will then evaporate to cool you down. This is why your perspiration levels increase during exercise. Muscle soreness is one of the most negative short term effects of exercise, when muscles are working waste products are produced when producing energy. One of them is lactic acid, lactic acid consists of muscle tightness and fatigue. This can be removed by warming down/stretching. These can affect performance greatly as the body wont be moving as well as it did before. Question 2: How/why is the major is the major energy system used in and how/why does that effect the way you run? The main energy system is ATP, It is composed of three phosphate groups. The energy that is stored within an ATP molecule is released for your muscles to use when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken. Breaking this bond releases the third phosphate group on its own and reduces the ATP molecule to ADP. The ADP molecule can be restored back to its ATP form by refilling the missing phosphate group. This is the main energy system because it controls the intensity, the duration and the waste products of your body. This affects the duration and intensity of which you run at.

Christian muslim relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christian muslim relation - Essay Example My prayers have really improved after I gained an understanding of the Surah that declares Tawheed, Du’a, and the practical aspect of the Muslim conduct. The entire Surah stresses the importance of making supplication for all. When I read the Surah I learn that Allah has anger towards those that reject the truth since they go astray due to their ignorance. I believe the knowledge of the tafsir will enable one to know the consequences for sins while Muslim faithful can ask to guide them to a straight path. The words You alone we worship and from you alone we seek help give me comfort during salah and the rest of the day since Allah helps me out in my difficult situations. I have learned that Allah has chosen this Surah as the second pillar of Islam since it opens some of the greatest miracles. The Surah summarizes the purpose of life as I worship Allah since he is always merciful. May Allah always keep my feet on Siraat al-Mustaqeem, Inshallah. Ayah 76 of the Surah state that, â€Å"And when Jews met the Muslims they assert, we believe†, but they met in privacy they cite, â€Å"Shall we tell the Muslims what Allah has revealed to us Jews concerning the characteristics and the description of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), Muslims argue concerning the writing of the Torah before the Lord. Have the Jews got no understanding? This ayah Allah informs us concerning the children of Israel, the nation where Jews and Christians originated. Allah charged this nation with the duty of carrying his message to humanity. Allah did this and showed the nation many signs and miracles to convince them that he is a rational person while they became unreceptive to the truth and hardened their hearts. The nation failed to accept the message from Allah since the Message was the Truth and they did not submit to it. The nation had immense love of the worldly pleasures and love of themselves as they rejected the Message since they ha rdened their hearts.

Professional Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Portfolio - Essay Example Teaching nursing students involves teaching adults with grown minds hence confidence as a teacher gives student confidence. Good students enter into a learning process with the willingness and commitment to scoop what the teacher is offering them. Equally, good teachers provide an environment that is full of understanding, positive attitude as well as a demonstration of strong emotional feelings. They set goals and deadlines. They have social skills as role models, strong emotional feelings that enable them to deal with difficult students. I am a dedicated nursing educator; I know that nursing is a sturdy job. This means that there must be infinite dedication on the side of the practitioners into changing the world. This great trait helps me to inspire students by demonstrating to them that, even with the many years in the profession the educator has not lost his spark hence dedication is more important than basic skills. As a teacher, I incorporate my ‘student life’ in my profession. When I was a student, I learnt how to be patient and cooperative through the emphasis of my tutor. He would say that these traits were applicable during the nursing practice. The first incident that portrayed this involved an encounter with fire accident victims who required attention. With patience and cooperation with colleagues, I was able to defeat the fear and this has helped me through out my career. This gives student hope and a clear understanding of what to expect ahead. As a mentor, I ensure that I focus on helping students to overcome the challenges that are found in the nursing profession to becoming successful nurses. These challenges include anxiety, discouragement, fear and failure by exhibiting patience to my self and the students especially during classes, to enable them apply that in their later life as nurses. A good example is relaxing by taking a deep breath when answering questions from students as well as discussions among other

Laredo I.S.D. School Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Laredo I.S.D. School Board - Essay Example Additionally as in any group dynamic, those things affecting organizational behavior and ultimate action include the catalyst of leadership attributes of members, the vision, mission and goals of the organization, individual dedication and beliefs, and the social interaction required for board compliance and excellence in District performance (Kimbrough 1964). Specific to the Laredo I.S.D. Board of Trustees Public Facilities Corporation Public Hearing of Thursday October 16, 2008, a full agenda was published and each category on the itinerary was covered in the meeting. A significant part of the agenda was associated with budgets, tax allocation issues of one sort or another, and individual testimony associated with behavior and cultural issues in the district environment. A high level view of the 33 agenda items are listed in appendix A. The structure and format of the agenda is arranged in a specific manner to ensure consistency and follow up. The agenda included Board of Directors as well as Board of Trustees meeting components. As evidenced by the scope of the agenda items, a variety of district education and fiduciary issues were given space on the docket to encourage discussion and ultimate action including approval or disapproval. ... The issues that received the most attention included financial and budget reports. Votes that were taken during this meeting included approval of various budget and tax related issues as well as other administrative board decisions. There were a hand full of individuals that utilized the public forum, and their issues were heard and recorded for further action. Public speakers included: Janet Bowman; Pamela Sheran; Juan Gutierrez; Anna Maria Hernandez; Mr. Lavienia; Mr. Cabooses; Mr. Sinuous; and Mr. Bueno. Other presentations and comments were by staff members including Mr. Alvaro Perez, Chief Financial Officer Mr. Raul Cisneros, Executive Director for Facilities and Support Services; Mr. David Garza, Executive Director of Curriculum and Instruction; Mr. Gerardo Cruz, Mrs. Ofilia Chapa, Ms. Elsa Arce, and Mrs. Severita Sanchez; Mr. Jose A. Valdez; Mr. Daniel Rigal; Mrs. Guillermina Montes; Mr. George M. Beckelhymer; Mr. John Peter Montalvo; Mr. Jesus J. Guerra; Mr. John Kazen; Ms. E lizabeth G. Henry, Internal Auditor; Mr. Ernesto Guajardo, Ex. Director for Human Resources; and Mrs. Veronica Castillon, Director of Communications. In combination, the speakers presented issues associated with the school board oversight responsibility on budgets, investments, bids, and other administrative functions. The overall impression of the experience of viewing the board proceedings was positive, although there were many uncomfortable political and personal attacks in the open forum component. The general professional conduct of the meeting was fairly impressive regardless of the posture and negativity of some speakers. It was obvious that there is a strong political component interwoven in the board activities and meeting agenda items. The agenda was well structured and

Impact of Movies in Generating Social Awareness

Impact of Movies in Generating Social Awareness INTRODUCTION Movies are rollercoaster ride that have the tremendous power to entertain and to teach. They can be a powerful tool to bring about effective social change true or false? It seems intuitive and logical that a well made film- especially one with a compelling narrative and well-crafted outreach plan would serve as a catalyst to change minds, encourage viewers to change entrenched behaviors, and start inform or reenergize social movements (Diana Barrett and Sheila Leddy, Assessing Creative Medias Social Impact, Fledging Fund, Dec08). But another group of people believe that it can be surprisingly difficult to make a firm connection between the power of a film and social change so the social impact of movies needs to be better understood and documented although it is important to note that not all films are intended to be agents of social change, nor should they be. Some are simply lovely moving stories whose primary purpose is to entertain and share a compelling story. Researchers also believe that even if movies do not intend to contribute to the formation of values, they most assuredly do. By virtue of its interactive nature and arousing content, movies are influencing our values and expectation of reality, regardless of our willingness to be influenced. Although the learning is unintentional, it is just as effective as intentional learning and influences our thoughts and behavior. The impulse to celebrate the impact of movies is understandable-all that glamour, glitzy visibility and cultural panache (G. Kendrick MacDowell, Yes, movies affect us, but). Movies can be seen as a source of diversion in peoples everyday lives. They are loved by one and all, irrespective of gender and age. It cannot be out rightly denied that movies influence us and affect our behavior in some way or another. The impact can be either good or bad. The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between films and coordinated outreach efforts as change agents. i.e. whether an individual would actually change his opinion after seeing a movie. If yes, then movies are a very powerful medium to fight against the perils of the society. RESEARCH AVAILABLE Early studies on impact of movies on people In 1920s movie exploded as mainstream entertainment as there were no radio or TV set during that period. A lot of researchers believed that movies had impact on attitude and behaviours of people and they launched a series of studies focusing on effect of films. There were 13 studies conducted primarily by Edgar Dale. He studied film content and categorized them into 10 groups. An observation which came out was more than 75% fall into crime, love and sex categories. Interestingly same kind of trend can also probably been seen today. Edgar Dale used census, survey, questionnaires, case studies and personal interviews in his study. It was observed movies caused attitude, emotions, behavioural change in people who were the part of the study. Herbert Blumer conducted questionnaires and interviews with people to study how watching movies affected their behaviour. Most of the people who were studied believed that they had been influenced by movies in some way (A brief History of Media Effects Research). In one of the study, Andrew Butler of Washington University decided to simulate a classroom where films were used as a teaching tool. The accurate version of an historical event was taught to the students and they were also made to watch a movie associated with that event. The movie that was shown contained both accurate and inaccurate information about the historical incidents they depicted. The idea was to see which method led to the most accurate comprehension of the events: teaching or watching a movie. The results were really interesting, when the information in the film and the reading were contradictory that is, when the film was inaccurate the students were more likely to recall the films distorted version and were very confident in their memories, even though they were wrong (Herbert, Wray, I Learned It at the Movies, Scientific American Mind). In the last ten years, however, outreach strategies, have become a central component of movies, spurred by a new generation of producers (Whiteman, David , The evolving impact of documentary film: sacrifice and the rise of issue-centered outreach (1)). Thus at the societal level, movies are assumed to play a role in transmitting, maintaining, and reinforcing the societal and cultural consensus. They cultivate images of society by interpreting the world in terms of what is what is important what is right' and what is related to what else. In other words, movies generally show a view of reality (Kane, Harrison D., Taub, Gordon E., Hayes, B. Grant, Interactive Media and Its Contribution to the Construction and Destruction of Values and Character). Films affect perceptions that people hold about the world at large and its inhabitants in particular. Even though some people may like to disregard cinema as only a frivolous means of entertainment and nothing beyond that, one cannot ignore the fact that there have been film makers who have managed to lift veil on a hidden plight. It might be about an injustice to a minority, or the courageous story of change by a single individual, but either way it raises awareness about the issue at hand (Robert Oakes, Movies Promoting Social Change). One of the most popular papers on this topic considers the following factors to be important for a movie to make an impact: Quality of the movie The movie should have a compelling narrative that can not only engage the viewers but also illustrate complex problems in a lucid manner. Ability of the film to create awareness about an issue- Awareness is the first step to any kind of social change. Care should be taken to see whether the film could reach people beyond those who already knew and cared about the issue illustrated in the movie. Public engagement This implies not only being aware of the issue to taking action on it. To evaluate a films success in this regard one can look at participation in response to facilitated dialogues, blogs, activity on various social networking sites and participation level in various Actions campaigns that are organized around that issue. The ultimate objective is the social change. It is a long and complex process, however, in some cases there are key indicators of success. These can be in the form of legislative or policy changes or a shift in public dialogue or how issues are framed and discussed. A lot of film makers are making full use of the social power of the internet to drive their social campaigns. Not only are viewers being encouraged to visit and discuss the movie on online forums after having viewed it ,but, a lot of filmmakers are also using websites to create a community before the film has been released. This is slowly becoming a critical strategy to deepen the reach and impact of films. Engaging a pre release audience increases their investment in the film and logically increases the likelihood that they will see the film and take some action. The film makers are expanding their digital reach to the likes of Facebook, YouTube, MySpace and Twitter to draw in new and diverse audiences who generally may not have been interested in a movie of that particular genre or issue. (Diana Barrett and Sheila Leddy, Assessing Creative Medias Social Impact, Fledging Fund, Dec08) RESEARCH GAP The current research available is mainly based on the movies being an effective teaching tool but little research is available on role of movies and their influence on values of an individual to generate social awareness. The little research that is available is based on impact of Hollywood movies (English) which become rather irrelevant as majority of people in India primarily watch Bollywood movies. We came across no article that measures the change in social behaviour of people vis-Ã  -vis a Bollywood movie. This is a research gap which we would like to address by trying to analyze the effect certain Hindi movies had on changing the perception of masses pertaining to particular social issues. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of the paper is to understand and analyze the extent to which movies influence peoples perception about various social issues. Contributions of factors such as the movie characteristics, movie success in making a movie an effective instrument for generating social awareness will also be analyzed. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis 1: Movies have a favorable impact in generating social awareness. Hypothesis 2: Box office success of a movie is the most effective factor in generating social awareness. The variables and the metrics for measurement can be listed as: Concept Variable Instruments Respondents attributes Age Gender Questionnaire (closed questions) Movie Characteristics Storyline Questionnaire Interviews (Rating Scale Likert Scale) Popularity of director Questionnaire Interviews (Rating Scale Likert Scale) Popularity of the star cast Questionnaire Interviews (Rating Scale Likert Scale) Promotion Done Questionnaire Interviews (Rating Scale) Success of the movie Critical Acclaim Secondary Data Box Office Success Secondary Data Awards Won Secondary Data Action Pre- Post Questionnaire Impact Pre- Post Questionnaire Media publicity Secondary data Pre- Post Questionnaire to gauge the level of participation (Rating Scale) MODEL The model links the movie characteristics and success of the movies to the overall social awareness generated. Respondents attributes consisting of gender acts as the mediator for this model. The constructs decided for the research are: Movie Characteristics: This construct consists of variables such as the storyline of the movie, popularity of the director star cast and the promotion done for the movie Success of the Movie: This construct consists of variables such as critical acclaim, the movies box office success and the various awards won by the movie Social Awareness Generated: This construct consists of certain variables such as the action taken, the impact generated and the media publicity generated due to the movie Respondents age and gender are taken as the mediator to analyze whether they have any influence on the success of the movie and consequently the impact generated by it. Both primary and secondary data will be used to measure the various variables used in this research. For the primary data, an online questionnaire will be given to people across different age groups. We plan to survey as many people as possible who are regular movie watchers, regular readers of newspapers, magazines and people who watch television are exposed to the internet. We will also go through relevant articles and journals from EBSCO and other web sources to carry out a literature review, which would consist of the secondary data. The issues we would be addressing are patriotism, religious tolerance and women empowerment. We would take 2 movies per issue and study the impact they had. The movies chosen would be differentiated on the basis of the variables we define. Movie Characteristics Success of the Movie Social Awareness Generated The variables will be measured with the help of the survey floated to the respondents. The variables will be measured with the help of : Primary data gathered through a survey floated to the respondents Secondary data in the form of online research and literature review The variables will be measured with the help of : Primary data gathered through a survey floated to the respondents Secondary data in the form of online research and literature review Model Parameters Movie Characteristics: This parameter consist the characteristics of the movie, various components which define the movie Storyline This component indicates how well the issue has been depicted through the movies script. The film should have a compelling narrative that can not only engage the viewers but also illustrate complex problems in a lucid manner. Popularity of the Director Star Cast The popularity of the director has a major impact on the pre release success and ratings a movie. The more the popularity and fame of the director and the star cast the more will be people talk about it. Promotion Done This component will incorporate the promotional activities undertaken before the release of the movie. The pre-release promotion and publicity of the movie plays a significant role in the revenue generated. Through our research we will try to analyze how these variables impact the success of a movie and the social awareness generated by it. Success of the Movie: Different people have different criteria while measuring the success of a movie. For some it is the revenue generated by the movie, for others it comprises of the number of awards the movie has won. The various components which represent a movies success are listed below. Critical Acclaim Movies are often judged by the reviews from the critics. Many people go to watch a movie only if it has a good critical rating. Word of mouth is usually perceived as more credible and trustworthy, and it is more readily accessible through social networks (Banerjee 1992; Brown and Reingen 1987; Murray 1991). Box Office Success This component refers to the box office revenue generated by a movie. This directly depends on the ticket sales and the number of people who come to watch the movie. Many people associate the success of a movie with the revenue generated by it. Awards Won The success of a movie also depends on the number of awards won by it. Movies like Ben Hur, Titanic and Lord of The Rings are considered to be one of the most successful movies and each of them won 11 awards at Oscars. Social Awareness Generated: The ultimate objective is the social change. It is a long and complex process, however, in some cases there are key indicators of success. These can be in the form of legislative or policy changes or a shift in public dialogue or how issues are framed and discussed. One needs to be clear about the kind of social issue that a movie addresses and accordingly set reasonable expectations in respect of impact generated. In this paper we intend to evaluate the social change in the society by the following three variables: Action- Under this we look at the short term effect i.e. in terms of the immediate actions taken by the respondents as result of the impact caused by the movie in question. Impact- This variable looks at a more long term effect caused by the movie in terms of changes in peoples perception, attitude and behavior towards a particular issue or cause. Media Publicity- The social awareness generated by the movie can be assessed by the publicity generated in the media about the issue addressed in the movie in terms of talk shows dedicated to it, stars who endorse the issue, forum dedicated for it on social networking sites and articles or papers published in the print media. In this research paper we intend to study these variables via pre-post questionnaire, where in we will try and gauge the change in the level of activity under all these variables before the respondents saw the movie and after they saw the movie. Literature Review Diana Barrett and Sheila Leddy in their paper Assessing Creative Medias Social Impact (Fledging Fund, Dec08) stated that while looking at a movie as having the potential for social impact it is important to move beyond the box office success and look at the overall impact generated. While one looks at the number for people who saw the film, whats more important is how many people understood the issue for which it was made. It is not reasonable to expect broad social change if there is little awareness of the fact that a problem exists. In some cases, just getting the audience to watch the film and better understand the issue is sufficient. Creating awareness is of prime importance while trying to bring a social change. According to this study the films promotion and outreach activities play an important role in not only increasing the size of the audience and sales but to use films as vehicles of social change. The core dimension of impact remains the quality of the film. This basically means that the film should have a compelling narrative that can not only engage the viewers but also illustrate complex problems in a lucid manner. For this measure researchers look at a lot of dimensions such as festival acceptance, theatrical success, online buzz, international and national DVD sales as well as traditional film reviews and awards. The next is the ability of the film to create awareness about an issue, as awareness is the first step to any kind of social change. Here the researchers have considered both the audience size as well as the diversity of the audience. It makes an attempt to see whether the film could reach people beyond those who already knew and cared about the issue illustrated in the movie. A regularly debated question is whether the presence of stars critical to the success of a movie? The industry is full of actors and actresses but it is the ones who are on the top of the pyramid who command the highest payments. There is a lot of academic literature on whether the presence of stars affects the performance of a movie, however, the results have been mixed. Direct and absolute causal relationship has not been established. Movies are complex creative goods that are the results of teams of creative people working together (Caves 2000). A popular star as a part of a movie is like a source of free advertising for the movie. He/she can help the film maker to garner valuable resources (in this case the audience) for him/her to be able to reach out to the masses to make the presence of his movie felt (Anita Elberse , The Power of Stars: Do Star Actors Drive the Success of Movies?). In the arena of new product development, word of mouth (WOM) plays significant roles because building consumer awareness is of vital importance, and consumers need information when deciding whether to purchase a product they do not know well (Mahajan, Muller, and Kerin 1984). Word of mouth is supposed to be more credible and trustworthy, and it is more readily accessible through social networks (Banerjee 1992; Brown and Reingen 1987; Murray 1991). A McKinsey Company study found that 67% of the sales of consumer goods are based on WOM (Taylor 2003). EXPECTED FINDINGS This research aims to analyze whether movies have a favorable impact in generating social awareness. The literature review shows that people are influence by movies and their behavior and thought process is shaped by what they see on celluloid. Through this paper we want to study how peoples thought process, perceptions, attitude and actions change if the movie is successful in generating awareness about a particular social cause. In addition to this we would also be studying the various factors that determine the success of a movie as contributors to the social impact generated by the movie. In this category our primary focus would lie on finding out whether box office success of a movie is the most effective factor in generating social awareness or not. This is because the box office result of the movie is the most widely known and acknowledge parameter to establish its success. LIKELY IMPLICATIONS Likely implications of this research is that if movies can be established as an instrument for creating social change, then they can be used effectively in the future for generating awareness about various social issues and mobilizing the masses for the same. Some of the benefits that are likely to arise as a result of this study are: Understand the extent to which the various determinants of success factor influence the social impact generated Influence and impact of the star cast, directive and narrative in facilitating the reach of the movie and the issue involved to the audiences in various strata of society Analyzing the sustainability of the awareness created among the people LIMITATIONS Limitations of this research study would be as follows: The respondents personal bias towards the movie or its related characteristics such as star cast et al. may distort the responses obtained There is scope for recency error to occur when respondents are asked to recollect details about the movie characteristics The sample taken for study is very small and may not be much diversified as compared to the actual population that watches movies FUTURE RESEARCH Further research may be carried out on a more extensive scale to determine exactly what factors influence the impact of a movie on the people and accordingly an appropriate mix of these factors can be designed to make a movie more effective. Specific research may be carried out to determine those issues where movies as a medium of social change are most effective.

Comparing Story of an hour vs The Yellow Wall Paper :: essays research papers

Comparing Short Stories   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Charlotte Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† are both centralized on the feministic views of women coming out to the world. Aside from the many differences within the two short stories, there is also similarities contained in Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† such as the same concept of the â€Å"rest treatment† was prescribed as medicine to help deal with their sickness, society’s views on the main character’s illness, and both stories parallel in the main character finding freedom in the locked rooms that they contain themselves in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Charlotte Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† display women discovering freedom from society’s standards during the setting’s time period. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Louise locks herself in her room after discovering that her husband has died and at that point in the story she finds herself more confident in herself. She exclaims, â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!† (Chopin 83). After she believed her husband died she finally had reason to take initiative in life and did not have to live a life were nothing was expected of her. She found freedom in locked quarters. Just as John’s wife did in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† As the wife’s sickness progressed, her anxiety over the yellow wallpaper increased. The patterns developed within the walls showed the image of a woman creeping along, and as the shadows of the bars from the window cast across the woman. Th is can symbolize how she is like the shadow, imprisoned in her room and mansion. As time moved forward, the wife fully identifies with the image in the wall, and by the end of the story she locks herself in her room and frees the woman behind the bars by pealing off most of the wallpaper.

African American Gay Rights Essay

I cannot begin to argue about African American/Hispanic LGBT, living in New York City and their civil rights without remembering the public outcry against black civil rights. Although the focus of this paper is on African American/Hispanic LGBT living in New York City and Their Rights to Marriage I have decided to start my paper of by discussing the civil rights movement of the 1960’s. The civil rights movement of the 1960’s and the continuing struggle against race-based discrimination were rooted in the struggle against slavery. As early as the eighteen hundreds the United States legislative had laws known as segregation laws that limited certain freedom to them. They had to live in separate neighborhood, attend separate schools, drive in the back of public buses verses in the front where Whites were; African American would not dare go against these laws back then because if and when they did, they were unjustly imprisoned, beaten lynched and more for just trying to exercise human rights. In the 1960s African Americans led a fight to remove the legally codified vestiges of slavery from our constitution and from state and local laws. Most repulsive among these, were Jim Crow laws that required racial segregation; African Americans had to endure all these things until The Civil Rights Movement. The modern concept of civil rights was pioneered by African Americans in their long struggle to become full citizens of the United States. From the Civil Rights Movement to the Stonewall Riots of 1969 to May 17, 2004, the LGBTQ movement has made some tremendous gains into mainstream society, a reality that has not been afforded to African Americans. The African American Civil Rights Movement gave birth to many other civil rights movements in the 1960s. African Americans not only made new law, their success gave new hope. Among the many efforts sparked by the African American Civil Rights Movements were the efforts to end discrimination against women, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, people with disabilities and lesbians and gays. Some African American still has one more river to cross because now African American LGBT are fighting a new civil war, the fight for same sex marriage; the right to be legally married. Currently, marriage has two distinct components: civil marriage and the religious ritual of marriage. Mixed-gender couples can have a civil marriage without the religious ceremony/ritual. Couples can have a religious ceremony/ritual, without a civil marriage. Some couples can choose both. However, to receive the legal protections of marriage, a couple must have a civil marriage, which is the only marriage that can be addressed by courts or legislatures. The LBGT believe that the rights and legal protections of civil marriage that are given to mixed-gender couples and families should also be extended to couples and families who are headed by same-gender couples. These include the rights of survivorship, inheritance, insurance, joint income tax filing, and a myriad of rights that many mixed-gender couples take for granted. For African American LGBT, state regulation has been particularly harsh. State sodomy law has had a way of preventing LGBT from acquiring some of the rights they are entitle to. Today, fewer than half the state has sodomy laws. LGBT recognizes New York City for being the birth place for many modern gay movements; however, New York has not yet passed any law giving LGBT legal protection and political support, (right to marriage being on of them). New York State gay rights bill, first introduced in 1971, still has not become law. While other states, like Vermont has established civil unions for LGBT, New York has not. Andy Humm writes that the biggest gay-related debate throughout the country right now is over government sanction of same-sex elationships. Vermont has gone the furthest, establishing â€Å"civil unions† for gay couples that confer almost all of the rights to which a married man and woman are entitled, though stopping short of full legal marriage. New Yorkers may travel to Vermont for the civil ceremony as of July 1, but there is some question as to what legal weight it will carry back home. The federal government enacted the â€Å"Defense of Marriage Act† (DOMA) in 1996 when it looked as if Hawaii might give same-sex couples marriage licenses. It barred federal recognition of legal same-sex marriages performed in any state and gave the other states the right not to honor such a contract. Thirty-two states have passed laws barring recognition of same-sex marriages performed in other states, even though no state or nation allows gay couples to obtain a marriage license. (Holland will likely be the first in 2001. ) A New York version of the Defense of Marriage Act is pending in Albany, but has not had a vote in either chamber. Bibliography Diane Silver et al. , The New Civil War: The Lesbian and Gay Struggle For Civil Rights (New York; New York:1997), 25-26 Andy Humm, â€Å"The State of gay rights in New York,† Available http://www. gothamgazette. com/iotw/gayrights/ (Accessed May 16, 2005).

History of Coca-Cola Essay

Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines internationally. The Coca-Cola Company claims that the beverage is sold in more than 200 countries. [l] It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca- Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and erchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler in North America and western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special editions with lemon, lime or coffee. In response to consumer insistence on a more natural product, the company is in the process of phasing out E211, or sodium benzoate, the controversial additive used in Diet Coke and linked to DNA damage in yeast cells and hyperactivity in children. The company has stated that it plans to remove E211 from its other products, including Sprite and Oasis, as soon as a satisfactory alternative is found

you are what you eat essays

you are what you eat essays People are, as the expression goes, what they eat. After all, the muscles in a persons body, and the blood flowing through their veins, are all supplied by the food that he or she consumes. Understandably, these foods would also have an effect on the way the brain functions. The foods we eat have measurable effects on the bodys performance, they may prove to have an even more critical influence on how the brain handles its tasks. The idea that the right foods, or the natural neurochemicals they contain, can enhance mental capabilities such as by defusing stress. (Blun 2) In the 1970s, Dr. Richard Wurtman of MIT and his graduate student, John Ferstrom, discovered that the nutrient composition of a meal affects the brains neurotransmitters, substances that control nerve impulses. They also found in rats, that the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin had great involvement with food intake. Dr. Wurtmans wife, Judith, later found that the carbohydrate content of a meal might influence dopamine and serotonin synthesis. Dopamine is related with alertness; it is used for fast reflexes, mental energy, and to assist in problem solving. Serotonin helps a person deal with stress. When the brain uses serotonin, feelings of stress and anxiety are replaced by a sense of tranquillity, often to the extent of somnolence.(Trankina 2) Serotonin is a composite of tryptophan, an amino acid that is found in food. The most simplistic way to obtain tryptophan is by consuming a high-carbohydrate meal, and avoiding foods containing protein and fat. (1-3) People in general are better able to cope with stress when their diets are high in complex carbohydrates. Many people misconstrue helpful, complex carbohydrates with sugary, refined carbohydrates. Refined carbohydrates are contained in foods such as white breads, sugar coated cereals, white rice, and other flour-based carbo...

Human Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Rights - Research Paper Example Article 1 of the universal human rights provides that all individuals are born free and equal while article 7 outlaws discrimination of individuals. Article 10 requires all people suspected of crimes to have access to free and fair trial while Article 16 provides for free consent to marriage and equality of the marriage partners. Accordingly, Article 17 provides that all individuals have the right to own economic property while Article 18 safeguards the right of individuals to select their own religion. On the other hand, cultural relativism entails selective implementation of the universal rights depending on the prevailing cultural norms in the society. This paper will define human rights and discuss the articles of Universal Declaration of human rights. The paper will also discuss the universality versus cultural relativism perspectives of human rights. Human rights Introduction Human rights refers to those rights and freedoms that are inherent to all the human beings regardless o f the sex, nationality, ethnic origin, language, religion or any other identifiable characteristic of an individual (Darraj, 2010). Human rights are safeguarded by numerous national laws and international laws that include treaties and customary law. The international law requires the national governments to safeguard the human rights of its citizens from any possible violation (Darraj, 2010). One of the underlying principles of human rights is the universality principle that asserts that human rights are inherent and inalienable. According to this principle, all human beings are born with certain human dignity and rights that should not be violated such as the right to life and right to be freed from forced labour (Darraj, 2010). The second principle of human rights is the interrelatedness and interdependence principle that asserts that all human rights contribute to a higher wellbeing of the individual. For instance, violation of the right to social welfare will also negatively on the right to life (Streich, 2008). The third governing principle of human rights is the non-discrimination and equality principle that requires that human beings should never suffer any discrimination based on their physical attributes or psychological attributes such as differences in religion, ethnicity, religion, nationality or even sexual orientation (Darraj, 2010). Another cornerstone principle of human rights is participation and inclusion of individuals in the decisions that affect their welfare. National governments must seek the input of the citizens, civil society and minorities before making decisions that affect the welfare of the citizens (Streich, 2008). The last principle of human rights is the accountability principle that requires states to take responsibility and accountability in safeguarding the rights of the citizens. Streich (2008) asserts that national governments must create and enforce legislation that ensures all human rights are safeguarded from abuse. Th e core human rights treaties include the treaty on economic, social and cultural rights, the treaty on the elimination of torture, the treaty on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, the treaty on protection of the rights of child and treaty on rights of migrant workers (Darraj, 2010).